What condition is characterized by increased intraocular pressure?

• A. Cataracts
• B. Retinal detachment
• C. Glaucoma
• D. Macular degeneration

Answer: (C)

Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure, which can lead to damage of the optic nerve and vision loss if left untreated. The condition results from an imbalance between the production and drainage of aqueous humor within the eye. This pressure can cause a gradual loss of peripheral vision and, in severe cases, can lead to total blindness.

In contrast, cataracts involve clouding of the lens of the eye, retinal detachment refers to the separation of the retina from its underlying supportive tissue, and macular degeneration is associated with deterioration of the central portion of the retina (the macula), primarily affecting central vision. While these conditions can significantly impact vision, they do not involve increased intraocular pressure as a defining characteristic like glaucoma does. Understanding the links between intraocular pressure and optic nerve health is key in managing and preventing glaucomatous damage.